Some calculators will allow you to calculate trace impedance in a number of geometries, e.g., broadside coupled, embedded microstrips, symmetric or asymmetric stripline, or regular microstrips. These points are very important when working with, say, designing an impedance matching network for a printed trace antenna. Some of these calculators will produce results without any context, without listing specific assumptions, and without detailing the relevant approximations their formulas used. Some of these online calculators are freeware programs from different companies Others just list formulas without citing sources. If you use your favorite search engine to find a trace impedance calculator, you’ll find several. The Problem with a Trace Impedance Calculator This disagreement extends to online trace impedance calculators, and designers should make themselves aware of the limitations of these tools. While it might not be obvious to the casual or to those who think the mathematics underlying PCB design is largely settled, there is plenty of disagreement regarding the right formula to calculate trace impedance.
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